Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder. It affects the nervous system and the other parts of the body that are controlled by the nerves. The symptoms of Parkinson’s start slowly and the very first symptom may be a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand.
Tremors are the most common symptom, but the disorder can also cause stiffness or slowing of movement.
In the early stage of this condition, the person’s face may show little or no expression. The arms may not swing when they walk and the speech may become soft or slurred. The symptoms worsen as the condition progresses over time.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be different for everyone. Early signs are usually mild and can go unnoticed.
In most cases, symptoms begin on one side of the body and remain worse on that side, even after symptoms begin to affect the limbs on both sides.
Parkinson’s signs and symptoms may include:
- Tremor
- Slowed movement
- Rigid muscles
- Impaired posture and balance
- Loss of automatic movements
- Speech changes
- Writing changes
Causes
When certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually break down or die, it causes Parkinson’s. Though the cause is unknown, certain factors can be a trigger to cause Parkinson’s.
- Genes – certain gene variations appear to increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease
- Environmental triggers – exposure to certain toxins or environmental factors may increase the risk
- The presence of Lewy bodies – Clumps of specific substances within brain cells are microscopic markers of Parkinson’s disease
- Alpha-synuclein found within Lewy bodies – the clumped form of those cells that can’t break down, is said to trigger Parkinson’s.
Parkinson’s Diagnosis
Because the cause of Parkinson’s is unknown, there are no proven ways to prevent it. The best means is to stay aware of the symptoms and get screened if in doubt.
Diagnosis of Parkinson’s is based on the medical history, a review of the signs and symptoms, and a neurological and physical examination.
Medications can significantly improve symptoms and based on the condition, a surgery might be suggested to regulate certain regions of the brain and to improve symptoms.
